Surah Al-Baqarah-2:183.
O you who believe!
Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you,
that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious – see V.2:2).
Fasting
Fasting is prescribed for Muslims, an individual fardh obligation. Thus every able-bodied Muslim is bound to fast. There are exceptions to this rule for those who are ill or suffer chronic illnesses which would endanger the life of the particular individual. These exceptions would require medical professional clarity and justification for not adhering to the requirement of fasting.
Method
To Begin Fasting
Fasting begins at a time before Sunrise before the performance of the Fijr Salah.
There is no specific utterance to reflect one’s intention to fast, it is internalized in one’s heart that one wishes to fast.
To begin fasting ensure one eats before Fijr at the time of Suhr (these times are found on the Islamic Calendar)
To End Fasting
To break the fast, recite:
Bismillah
and eat atleast three dates and drink water, then recite:
Dhabah al zamau way batalath al urooq wa thabaat al ajr In sha Allah
Thereafter one would pray the Maghrib Salah and after Salah one may sit for supper.
Note: the narration of reciting:
Allahumma laka sumtu [wa bika amantu] wa ‘alayka tawakkaltu wa ‘ala rizqika aftartu fa taqabbal minni
is based on weak ahadith
Ramadhan
Fasting occurs in the month of Ramadhan. It begins the night when the new moon of Ramdhan is sighted and it ends when the new moon of Shawwal is sighted.
Tarawih
Tarawih is the congregational prayer after the Eesha Salah during Ramadhaan. The Salah may be performed individually or in Jama’ah (Congregation). The greatest benefit achieved by performing the Salah individually at the latter part of the night (Qiyam-ul-Layl)
Zakat-al-Mal
Due to the blessing of this month of Ramadhan, the obligation of Zakat-al-Mal is often dispensed. This ranges between 2.5% to 20% dependent on the asset type.
Zakat-al-Fitr
Further to Zakat-al Mal, Zakat-al-Fitr is also dispensed before the salah of Eid. The dispensing of Zakat al-Fitr retains its status if dispensed before Salah of Eid. The form of Zakat-al Fitr must be in the form of grain which the country finds as a staple food or other equivalent form of grain (3kg)
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